Firstly, I would like to discuss on how a patient's blood sample is being processed when it arrives at the blood bank. When a blood sample is first received, the Medical Technologist would check the EDTA blood tubes for any blood clots. This is being done by using 2-3 wooden sticks to "dig" the blood sample and try to "fish" out for any clots. If clots are absent, the sample would be suitable to be processed using the Ortho Autovue Innova System. If clots are present, the form accompanying the patient's sample should have "clotted" indicated on it. The blood sample with blood clots present cannot be processed by the Ortho Autovue Innova System, this the type and screen has to be carried manually.
After the blood samples in the EDTA are checked for presence of clots, the tube is loaded into the Ortho Autovue Innova System for the machine to read and screen the sample. The machine is able to carry out forward, reverse & Rh grouping of the blood samples. In addition, it is also able to detect abnormal antibodies that might be present in the blood. If the machine is malfunctioned, a manual type and screen can be carried out instead.
In type and screen which is done manually, forward group involves placing patient's blood sample into commercial sera. The 3 main groups of anti-sera are anti-A, anti-B & anti-AB. In reverse grouping, patient's serum (or plasma) is added to commercial blood. The 3 types of commericial blood used are blood group A, B & O. Lastly, to determine the presence of antigen D in patient's blood, patient's blood is added to anti-D commercial serum. This concludes the process of type and screen, and from this the patient's blood group and Rh status can be determined.
In an event that a patient requires blood transfusion, a cross-match must be carried out to check for compatiblity. In cross-matching, patient's serum is added into a sample of packet of blood (to be transfused). It is incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes, then centrifuged @ 3000rpm for 15s. The glass tube is inspected visually for any agglutination present. If there is no agglutination present, it can be concluded that the packet of blood can be safely transfused into the patient.
Regards,
Zhu Zhijie Dennis
0700847G
TG01
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5 comments:
Hello Dennis ^^ so now u are at the hospital, lolz
ok, we all know that EDTA is an anticoagulant, so I wonder why the blood still can clot in EDTA tube. U know any possible reason?
Vo Thu Hong Anh [Jess]
0705364H
Hi Dennis,
Does the clotting affects the test result in anyway even if it is done manually?
Shameema
0700486D
Dear Jess,
There are two possible reasons to that. Firstly, it could be because the blood in the tube was not mixed properly with the EDTA. Secondly, it could be because the EDTA tube have already expired. Blood which is properly mixed and haven't expired can stay unclotted up to days and even weeks.
Hope that helps!
Zhu Zhijie Dennis
0700847G
Dear Shameema,
Nope, the clotting doesn't affect the test results if the clotted blood sample is done manually. The only reason why the blood sample has to be processed manually if it's clotted is because the clots might cause malfunction to the machine as it might choke up the probe. The results from manual testing does not differ.
Hope that helps!
Zhu Zhijie Dennis
0700847G
Okie, got it ^^ thankz a lot, Dennis
Vo Thu Hong Anh [Jess]
0705364H
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